Posted on July 29th, 2023

Diving into the captivating depths of the underwater world is a thrilling experience that every diver cherishes. As diving enthusiasts at North West Diving Medical Services, we are committed to ensuring that your diving adventures are not only exhilarating but also safe. In this comprehensive guide, we explore the risks associated with decompression sickness and the crucial preventive measures to keep you exploring the depths with confidence.

The Science Behind Decompression Sickness

Decompression sickness, also known as "the bends," is a potentially serious condition that can occur when ascending too quickly after a dive. As divers descend into deeper waters, the increased pressure causes nitrogen to dissolve into their tissues. During ascent, if the diver doesn't allow sufficient time for the excess nitrogen to gradually off-gas, bubbles may form, leading to decompression sickness.

Understanding the science behind decompression sickness is vital for every diver. The accumulation of nitrogen in the body's tissues during a dive is a natural occurrence. However, if the ascent is too rapid, the pressure decreases, causing the nitrogen bubbles to expand and potentially causing harm. This is why controlled and gradual ascents are essential to avoiding the risk of decompression sickness.

Recognising the Symptoms

Decompression sickness can manifest in various ways, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Common signs include joint and muscle pain, skin rashes, fatigue, and dizziness. In more severe cases, divers may experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, and neurological symptoms such as numbness or paralysis.

Recognising the symptoms of decompression sickness is crucial for early intervention. Divers should be aware of these signs and carefully monitor themselves and their diving buddies during and after dives. Prompt recognition and seeking medical attention if symptoms arise can make a significant difference in effectively managing decompression sickness.

Factors Contributing to Decompression Sickness

Several factors can increase the risk of decompression sickness, making it crucial for divers to be aware of these potential triggers. The depth and duration of the dive, the rate of ascent, repetitive diving within a short period, and individual factors such as age, physical fitness, and hydration levels all play a role in determining susceptibility to decompression sickness.

Understanding the contributing factors to decompression sickness is essential for divers to make informed decisions. It is important to plan dives carefully, taking into account individual limitations and adjusting dive profiles accordingly. By managing these factors effectively, divers can reduce the risk of decompression sickness and enhance their overall diving experience.

Essential Dive Planning for Prevention

Prevention is the key to mitigating the risk of decompression sickness. Proper dive planning is fundamental to ensuring a safe and enjoyable underwater experience. Always adhere to dive tables or use dive computers to calculate ascent rates and decompression stops accurately. Limit the depth and duration of dives, and avoid rapid or uncontrolled ascents.

Dive planning is a skill every diver must master to ensure their safety. By carefully planning each dive and adhering to recommended guidelines, divers can significantly reduce the risk of decompression sickness. Taking the time to plan adequately shows a commitment to responsible diving practices and paves the way for memorable and secure dives.

Implementing Safe Ascent Practises

A slow and controlled ascent is critical in reducing the risk of decompression sickness. Maintain a steady ascent rate and adhere to the recommended decompression stops when applicable. Remember that a conservative approach to decompression will always be safer than cutting corners.

Safe ascent practices are the foundation of responsible diving. By controlling their ascent rate and following proper decompression protocols, divers can minimize the risk of decompression sickness. Implementing these safe practices ensures that every dive concludes smoothly and safely.

Staying Hydrated and Physically Fit

Maintaining proper hydration and physical fitness is essential for divers. Being in good physical condition helps the body process nitrogen more efficiently, reducing the likelihood of developing decompression sickness. Stay hydrated before, during, and after diving to aid in nitrogen elimination.

Staying hydrated and maintaining physical fitness are essential components of diver well-being. By prioritizing hydration and engaging in regular exercise, divers optimize their bodies' ability to handle the demands of diving. These simple yet crucial steps can significantly contribute to a safer and more enjoyable diving experience.

Planning for Multiple Dives

For those planning multiple dives in a day or over several days, it is essential to factor in surface intervals. These intervals provide the body with adequate time to release excess nitrogen before embarking on subsequent dives.

Effective planning for multiple dives requires careful consideration of surface intervals. By allowing sufficient time between dives for nitrogen off-gassing, divers can maintain their safety and maximise their opportunities for underwater exploration.

The Role of Nitrox Diving

Nitrox, a gas mixture with a higher oxygen content, can offer extended bottom times and shorter surface intervals, thereby reducing the risk of decompression sickness. However, specialised training and equipment are necessary for using nitrous oxide safely.

Nitrox diving can be an excellent tool for divers seeking longer bottom times and shorter surface intervals. However, it is crucial to undergo proper training and certification before using nitrox, as it requires careful management and understanding of gas mixtures.

Recognising and Responding to Symptoms

Despite diligent planning and adherence to safety protocols, decompression sickness can still occur. Therefore, it is vital for divers to recognise the early symptoms and take immediate action if they suspect decompression sickness. Any diver showing signs of decompression sickness must seek medical attention promptly.

Recognising and responding to symptoms of decompression sickness is a critical aspect of diver safety. Divers should be vigilant about their own well-being and that of their dive buddies. Immediate recognition and prompt medical attention are essential to managing decompression sickness effectively.

Partnering with North West Diving Medical Services

As your dedicated diving medical specialists, North West Diving Medical Services is here to support you on every dive. We offer comprehensive Recreational Diving Medical Assessments to ensure your safety and well-being while exploring the underwater world.

At North West Diving Medical Services, we are passionate about keeping divers safe and informed. Our team of experienced professionals is committed to providing top-quality medical assessments and guidance to enhance your diving experience. Whether you are a seasoned diver or a novice, our Recreational Diving Medical Assessments offer peace of mind and valuable insights into your health.

Don't let decompression sickness jeopardise your diving adventures. Take the necessary precautions and dive responsibly. If you have any questions or need expert guidance, feel free to get in touch with us at chris.wood@doctors.org.uk. Let's dive safely together!

Resources

BSAC Medical Declaration Form

PADI Medical Form

Emergency Services Training Centre Website

North West Hyperbaric Facility Website

Diver Emergency Help

Decompression Illness Information